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Simona Kralj Fišer, PhD

Senior Research Associate



+386(0) 1 470 63 33

simona.kralj-fiser@zrc-sazu.si


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Our research is driven by a broad interest in understanding behavioural and life history traits within an evolutionary and ecological framework.

Research lines

• Why do females and males differ in how they behave and look? Females and males share the same genes for most homologous traits, but their phenotypes may drastically differ. How do these remarkable sex differences arise? Our research focuses on understanding the mechanisms enabling and processes shaping sex differences, using a combination of quantitative genetic and experimental approaches. We plan to use traditional and state-of-the-art methods, i.e., pedigree-based breeding, quantitative genetics, genomics, and transcriptomics, to elucidate the relationship between genotype and sex-specific phenotypes.

• We focus on studying personality variation and its evolutionary and ecological consequences. We are particularly interested in whether and how sexual selection drives personality variation. We also study the genetic architecture of personality traits and whether it differs between the sexes.

• We study how personalities are related to the ability to adapt to a changing environment. In our current studies, we are investigating whether transgenerational plasticity, specifically maternal effects, can serve as a short-term response to anthropogenic change.

• The role of sex-specific maternal effects in shaping phenotypic sex differences.

• Mating strategies and systems.

Herczeg, G., Balázs, G., Bíró, A., Fišer, Ž., Kralj-Fišer, S. & Fišer, C. (2023). Island and Rensch's rules do not apply to cave vs. surface populations of Asellus aquaticus. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, section Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. In press.

Mammola, S., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Arabesky, V., Barrales-Alcalá, D. A., Barrion-Dupo, A. L., …Kralj-Fišer, S., ... & Chuang, A. (2022). An expert-curated global database of online newspaper articles on spiders and spider bites. Scientific data, 9(1), 109.

Glenszczyk, M., Outomuro, D., Gregorič, M., Kralj-Fišer, S., Schneider, J. M., Nilsson, D. E., ... & Tedore, C. (2022). The jumping spider Saitis barbipes lacks a red photoreceptor to see its own sexually dimorphic red coloration. The Science of Nature109(1), 6.

Mammola, S., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Arabesky, V., Barrales-Alcalá, D. A., Barrion-Dupo, A. L., …Kralj-Fišer, S., ... & Scott, C. (2022). The global spread of misinformation on spiders. Current Biology32(16), R871-R873.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Kuntner, M., & Debes, P. V. (2022). Sexual conflict mitigation via sex-specific trait architecture. bioRxiv, 2022-11.

Fishman, R., Kralj-Fišer, S., Marglit, S., Koren, L., & Vortman, Y. (2022). Quantitative genetic study suggests sex-specific genetic architecture for fetal testosterone in a wild mammal. bioRxiv, 2022-02.

Turk, E., Čelik, T., Smrdu, M., Šet, J., Kuder, A., Gregorič, M., & Kralj-Fišer, S. (2021). Adherence to COVID-19 mitigation measures: The role of sociodemographic and personality factors. Current Psychology, 1-17.

Turk, E., Bond, J. E., Cheng, R. C., Čandek, K., Hamilton, C. A., Gregorič, M., ... & Kuntner, M. (2021). A Natural Colonisation of Asia: Phylogenomic and Biogeographic History of Coin Spiders (Araneae: Nephilidae: Herennia). Diversity13(11), 515.

Golobinek, R., Gregorič, M., & Kralj-Fišer, S. (2021). Body size, not personality, explains both male mating success and sexual cannibalism in a widow spider. Biology10(3), 189.

Premate, E., Borko, Š., Kralj‐Fišer, S., Jennions, M., Fišer, Ž., Balázs, G., ... & Fišer, C. (2021). No room for males in caves: Female‐biased sex ratio in subterranean amphipods of the genus Niphargus. Journal of evolutionary biology34(10), 1653-1661.

Smrdu, M., Kuder, A., Turk, E., Čelik, T., Šet, J., & Kralj-Fišer, S. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: associations with personality and stress components. Psychological Reports, 00332941211043451

Šet, J., Turk, E., Golobinek, R., Lokovšek, T., Gregorič, M., Lebrón, S. G. Q., ... & Kralj-Fišer, S. (2021). Sex-specific developmental trajectories in an extremely sexually size dimorphic spider. The Science of Nature108, 1-12.

Lissowsky, N., Kralj-Fišer, S., & Schneider, J. M. (2021). Giant and dwarf females: how to explain the fourfold variation in body size and fecundity in Trichonephila senegalensis (Aranea: Nephilidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society133(4), 1016-1030.

Kralj‐Fišer, S., Schneider, J. M., Kuntner, M., Laskowski, K., & Garcia‐Gonzalez, F. (2021). The genetic architecture of behavioral traits in a spider. Ecology and evolution11(10), 5381-5392.

Quiñones-Lebrón, S. G., Kuntner, M., & Kralj-Fišer, S. (2021). The effect of genetics, diet, and social environment on adult male size in a sexually dimorphic spider. Evolutionary Ecology35(2), 217-234.

Turk, E., Kralj-Fišer, S., & Kuntner, M. (2021). Exploring diversification drivers in golden orbweavers. Scientific reports11(1), 9248.

Turk, E., Čandek, K., Kralj‐Fišer, S., & Kuntner, M. (2020). Biogeographical history of golden orbweavers: Chronology of a global conquest. Journal of Biogeography47(6), 1333-1344.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Premate, E., Copilaş-Ciocianu, D., Volk, T., Fišer, Ž., Balázs, G., ... & Fišer, C. (2020). The interplay between habitat use, morphology and locomotion in subterranean crustaceans of the genus Niphargus. Zoology139, 125742.

Herczeg, G., Hafenscher, V. P., Balázs, G., Fišer, Ž., Kralj‐Fišer, S., & Horváth, G. (2020). Is foraging innovation lost following colonization of a less variable environment? A case study in surface‐vs. cave‐dwelling Asellus aquaticus. Ecology and Evolution10(12), 5323-5331.

Kralj‐Fišer, S., Laskowski, K. L., & Garcia‐Gonzalez, F. (2019). Sex differences in the genetic architecture of aggressiveness in a sexually dimorphic spider. Ecology and Evolution9(18), 10758-10766.

Kralj-Fišer, S., & Gregorič, M. (2019). Spider welfare. The Welfare of Invertebrate Animals, 105-122.

Quiñones-Lebrón, S. G., Gregorič, M., Kuntner, M., & Kralj-Fišer, S. (2019). Small size does not confer male agility advantages in a sexually-size dimorphic spider. Plos one14(5), e0216036.

Turk, E., Kuntner, M., & Kralj-Fišer, S. (2018). Cross-sex genetic correlation does not extend to sexual size dimorphism in spiders. The Science of Nature105, 1-8.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Hebets, E. A., & Kuntner, M. (2017). Different patterns of behavioral variation across and within species of spiders with differing degrees of urbanization. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology71, 1-15.

Gavín-Centol, M. P., Kralj-Fišer, S., De Mas, E., Ruiz-Lupión, D., & Moya-Laraño, J. (2017). Feeding regime, adult age and sexual size dimorphism as determinants of pre-copulatory sexual cannibalism in virgin wolf spiders. Behavioral ecology and sociobiology71, 1-10.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Čandek, K., Lokovšek, T., Čelik, T., Cheng, R. C., Elgar, M. A., & Kuntner, M. (2016). Mate choice and sexual size dimorphism, not personality, explain female aggression and sexual cannibalism in raft spiders. Animal Behaviour111, 49-55.

Gregorič, M., Šuen, K., Cheng, R. C., Kralj-Fišer, S., & Kuntner, M. (2016). Spider behaviors include oral sexual encounters. Scientific Reports6(1), 1-5.

Kuntner, M., Cheng, R. C., Kralj-Fišer, S., Liao, C. P., Schneider, J. M., & Elgar, M. A. (2016). The evolution of genital complexity and mating rates in sexually size dimorphic spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology16(1), 1-9.

Quiñones-Lebrón, S. G., Kralj-Fišer, S., Gregorič, M., Lokovšek, T., Čandek, K., Haddad, C. R., & Kuntner, M. (2016). Potential costs of heterospecific sexual interactions in golden orbweb spiders (Nephila spp.). Scientific reports6(1), 1-6.

Kuntner, M., Pristovšek, U., Cheng, R. C., Li, D., Zhang, S., Tso, I. M., ... & Kralj-Fišer, S. (2015). Eunuch supremacy: evolution of post-mating spider emasculation. Behavioral ecology and sociobiology69, 117-126.

Kralj-Fišer, S., & Schuett, W. (2014). Studying personality variation in invertebrates: why bother?. Animal Behaviour91, 41-52.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Čelik, T., Lokovšek, T., Šuen, K., Šiling, R., & Kuntner, M. (2014). Development and growth in synanthropic species: plasticity and constraints. Naturwissenschaften101, 565-575.

Kralj‐Fišer, S., Schneider, J. M., & Kuntner, M. (2013). Challenging the aggressive spillover hypothesis: Is pre‐copulatory sexual cannibalism a part of a behavioural syndrome?. Ethology119(8), 615-623.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Sanguino Mostajo, G. A., Preik, O., Pekár, S., & Schneider, J. M. (2013). Assortative mating by aggressiveness type in orb weaving spiders. Behavioral Ecology24(4), 824-831.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Gregorič, M., Lokovšek, T., Čelik, T., & Kuntner, M. (2013). A glimpse into the sexual biology of the “zygiellid” spider genus Leviellus. The Journal of Arachnology41(3), 387-391.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Daisley, J. N., & Kotrschal, K. (2013). Individuals matter: personality. The Social Life of Greylag Geese: Patterns, Mechanisms and Evolutionary Function in an Avian Model System. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 45-64.

Kralj-Fišer, S., & Schneider, J. M. (2012). Individual behavioural consistency and plasticity in an urban spider. Animal Behaviour84(1), 197-204.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Schneider, J. M., Justinek, Ž., Kalin, S., Gregorič, M., Pekár, S., & Kuntner, M. (2012). Mate quality, not aggressive spillover, explains sexual cannibalism in a size-dimorphic spider. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology66, 145-151.

Li, D., Oh, J., Kralj-Fišer, S., & Kuntner, M. (2012). Remote copulation: male adaptation to female cannibalism. Biology Letters8(4), 512-515.

Kuntner, M., Gregorič, M., Zhang, S., Kralj-Fišer, S., & Li, D. (2012). Mating plugs in polyandrous giants: which sex produces them, when, how and why?. PLoS One7(7), e40939.

Lee, Q. Q., Oh, J., Kralj-Fišer, S., Kuntner, M., & Li, D. (2012). Emasculation: gloves-off strategy enhances eunuch spider endurance. Biology Letters8(5), 733-735.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Gregorič, M., Zhang, S., Li, D., & Kuntner, M. (2011). Eunuchs are better fighters. Animal Behaviour81(5), 933-939.

Luštrik, R., Turjak, M., Kralj-Fišer, S., & Fišer, C. (2011). Coexistence of surface and cave amphipods in an ecotone environment. Contributions to Zoology80(2), 133-141.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Weiß, B. M., & Kotrschal, K. (2010). Behavioural and physiological correlates of personality in greylag geese (Anser anser). Journal of Ethology28(2), 363-370.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Scheiber, I. B., Kotrschal, K., Weiß, B. M., & Wascher, C. A. (2010). Glucocorticoids enhance and suppress heart rate and behaviour in time dependent manner in greylag geese (Anser anser). Physiology & behavior100(4), 394-400.

Kuntner, M., Kralj-Fišer, S., & Gregorič, M. (2010). Ladder webs in orb-web spiders: ontogenetic and evolutionary patterns in Nephilidae. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society99(4), 849-866.

Kuntner, M., Kralj‐Fišer, S., Schneider, J. M., & Li, D. (2009). Mate plugging via genital mutilation in nephilid spiders: an evolutionary hypothesis. Journal of Zoology277(4), 257-266.

Kralj-Fišer, S., Scheiber, I. B., Blejec, A., Moestl, E., & Kotrschal, K. (2007). Individualities in a flock of free-roaming greylag geese: behavioral and physiological consistency over time and across situations. Hormones and Behavior51(2), 239-248.

Scheiber, I. B., Kralj, S., & Kotrschal, K. (2005). Sampling effort/frequency necessary to infer individual acute stress responses from fecal analysis in greylag geese (Anser anser). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences1046(1), 154-167.

Biodiversity: patterns, processes, predictions and conservation (research programme • January 1, 2013 - December 31, 2017)
Towards working protocols for the use of eDNA from spider webs (fundamental research project • July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2022)
Evolucijske slepe ulice: Pasti ekstremnih fenotipov (July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2021)

EDUCATION

  • B.S. (Biology), University of Ljubljana, Slovenia (2002)
  • Ph.D. (Biology), University of Ljubljana, Slovenia (2009)

TITLES

  • Senior research fellow (2021-present), Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana (ZRC SAZU), Slovenia
  • Professor in Ethology (2023-), University of Primorska, Slovenia
  • Associate Professor in Ethology (2018-2023), University of Primorska, Slovenia
  • Assistant Professor in Ethology (2018-2022), University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

EMPLOYMENT

  • Senior research fellow (2021-present), research fellow (2012-2021), research assistant (2009-2012), young researcher (2006-2009), Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • Lecturer (2013-present), University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Slovenia
  • Post-doctoral Researcher (2010-2011), Behavioural Biology, University of Hamburg, Germany (Prof. Dr. Jutta Schneider)
  • PhD student (2003), Konrad Lorenz Research Station for Ethology, Gruenau, Austria & University of Vienna, Austria (Prof. Dr. Kotrschal)

RESEARCH FIELDS

  • Behavioural biology: animal personalities, sexual behaviour and behavioural plasticity
  • Evolution: evolution of sexual biology and sexual size dimorphism; quantitative genetics
  • Ecology: behaviour and life histories strategies in ecology, specifically ecology of human altered environments (urbanization, global climate change)

LEADERSHIP POSITIONS

  • Leader of the basic research programme: Biodiversity: patterns, predictions and conservation (ARRS P1-0236) (2020-present)
  • Principal Investigator of Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, lead of behavioural lab (2018-present), Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • Coordinator at Earth and Environmental Sciences, masters studies, 2nd level, Postgraduate School ZRC SAZU (2020-present)
  • Coordinator at Environmental and Regional Studies, doctoral study 3rd level, Postgraduate School ZRC SAZU (2020-present)

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR ON RESEARCH PROJECTS

  • ARRS programme: Biodiversity: patterns, predictions and conservation (ARRS P1-0236) (2020-present)
  • Coordinator of project Evolutionary dead ends: The perils of extreme phenotypes (ARRS J1-9163) at ZRC SAZU (2018-2021)
  • Coordinator of project Fluctuating selection behind phenotypic polymorphism: an empirical approach using subterranean and surface crustaceans as model (ARRS N1-0069) at ZRC SAZU (2017-2021)
  • ARRS post-doctoral project (2011-2013): Behavioural mechanisms underlying species invasiveness (Z1-4194)
  • Humboldt Foundation Return Fellowship (2011): Assortative mating by personality types in an orb-viewing spider
  • Humboldt Foundation postdoctoral project (2010-2011): Behavioural types underlying invasiveness in bridge spider and its consequences for community structure

TEACHING AND MENTORSHIPS

  • 2013-present       Associate Professor – Behavioural Genetics: master study, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Slovenia
  • 2022-present        Associate Professor – Scientific approaches in natural sciences; Selected topics from behavioural biology: Earth and Environmental Sciences, master study, Postgraduate School ZRC SAZU, Slovenia
  • 2022–-present      Associate Professor – Methodology in environmental and regional studies; Selected topics from animal ecology, Behavioural biology: Environmental and Regional Studies, doctoral study, Postgraduate School ZRC SAZU, Slovenia
  • PhD mentor: Shakira Quinones-Lebron (Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, 2020); Eva Turk (Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, awarded by L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science, 2022; the National Institute of Biology award for outstanding doctoral work in the field of research activity, 2023).
  • Ongoing PhD mentoring: Rok Golobinek (Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana), Simon Cirkulan (Postgraduate school ZRC SAZU).
  • Master thesis: Urška Pristovšek (Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, 2013), Nina Šramel (FAMNIT UP, 2017), Tina Cokan (FAMNIT UP, 2017), Lučka Vavpotič (FAMNIT UP, 2017), Rok Golobinek (Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, 2018); Špela Ocvirk (FAMNIT UP, 2019); Klavdija Šuen (Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, 2019); Janko Šet (Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, 2020), Katarina Štamulak (FAMNIT UP, 2021); Lea Krajnc (FAMNIT UP, 2021).
  • Ongoing master’s mentoring: Živa Vehovar (Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana); Neža Gabrovšek (FAMNIT UP).
  • Mentor of bachelor theses: Zali Slabe (FAMNIT UP, 2015), Lara Samojlenko (FAMNIT UP, 2016), Andrej Katarinčič (FAMNIT UP, 2016), Lara Gregorčič Vidović (FAMNIT UP, 2016), Nastja Ugrin (FAMNIT UP, 2017); Chiara Piraino (Maastricht University, The Netherlands; 2022; awarded best bachelor thesis)
  • Others: PhD thesis examinator of Chang Chia-Chen (National University of Singapore; 2018); member of a supervision and follow-up group of PhD thesis of Akshay Mohan at the Doctoral Programme in Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä (Finland; 2021-present); regular academic committee member at the FAMNIT UP and University of Ljubljana

OUTREACH

  • Academic editorial board: editorial board at Hacquetia (2009-present)
  • Conference programme committee member: 27th European Congress of Arachnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (2012); 15th Conference of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology (ISBE), New York, USA; 31st European Congress of Arachnology, Vac, Hungary (2018)
  • Committee member for student awards: International Congress of Arachnology, New Zealand; (2019); European Congress of Arachnology (Germany)
  • Peer review: Proceeding of the Royal Society B, American Naturalist, Journal of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Ecology, Evolution and Ecology, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Biology Letters, Scientific Reports, Animal Behaviour, Behavioral Ecology, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Ethology, Behaviour, Hormones and Behavior, Behavioral Processes, Physiology and Behavior, Plos One, Conservation Biology, Animal Cognition, Current Zoology, Naturwissenschaften, Zoology, Journal of Arachnology (https://publons.com/author/1140577/simona-kralj-fiser#profile)
  • Member of the commission for international project tenders. Innovation, Canada, 2020; Swiss National Science Foundation, Switzerland 2022; National Science Center Poland, Poland 2023

FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS

  • 2012    Best poster award at 27th European Congress of Arachnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • 2011-2011        Humboldt Foundation return fellowship
  • 2010-2011        Humboldt Foundation postdoctoral fellowship
  • 2003-2006        Fürst Dietrichstein'sche Stiftung

SELECTED RESEARCH PROJECTS

  • Biodiversity: patterns, predictions and conservation (ARRS P1-0236)
  • Behavioural mechanisms underlying species invasiveness (ARRS Z1-4194)
  • Behavioural types underlying invasiveness in bridge spider and its consequences for community structure (Humboldt Foundation postdoctoral project)
  • Assortative mating by personality types in an orb-viewing spider (Humboldt Foundation Return Fellowship)
  • Evolutionary dead ends: The perils of extreme phenotypes (ARRS J1-9163)
  • Fluctuating selection behind phenotypic polymorphism: an empirical approach using subterranean and surface crustaceans as model (ARRS N1-0069)

SELECTED INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS

EU: Germany: J.M. Schneider, C. Tedore; Italy: C. Tuni, S. Mammola; Hungary: G. Herzeg, G. Horvath; Spain: F. Garcia-Gonzalez; Finland: Lutz Fromhage; Iceland: P.V. Debes; USA: E. Hebets, K. Laskowski; New Zealand: C. Painting; Australia: M. Jennions; Taiwan: R.C. Cheng, C.P. Liao; Singapore: D. Li; Israel: L. Koren, Y. Vortman; SAR: C.R. Haddad

MEMBERSHIPS

  • European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB)
  • International Society for Behavioral Ecology (ISBE)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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